Before State Welfare and After

Medicine and charity before the welfare state

tactics and pragmatism he displayed. But Bevan's accomplishment, formidable as it was, has to be put in proper perspective. Unlike Lloyd George in 1911, Bevan had the backing of a movement that already had force. Does Webster deny that? If so, he takes issue with Bevan himself for this is what the Minister had to say when he introduced the Health Service Bill in 1946: "The first reason why a he...

State dependence in welfare receipt: transitions before and after a reform

We study state dependence in welfare receipt and investigate whether welfare transitions changed after a welfare reform. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we apply dynamic multinomial logit estimators and find that state dependence in welfare receipt is not a central feature of the German welfare system. We find that welfare transitions changed after the reform: transitions from ...

The Welfare State After the Great Recession

Before After Before After

State of stress before and after the 1994 Northridge Earthquake

The state of tectonic stress in the epicentral area of the 17 January 1994, Northridge earthquake (Mw 6.7) is investigated by applying a stress inversion method to P-wave polarity data from earthquakes in Northridge from July 1981 to January 1994 and from the Northridge aftershocks during January 1994 to December 1995. A 3-D crustal model is used to trace the rays taking off from the hypocenter...